Conversion from (La)TeX to HTML
TeX and LaTeX are well suited to producing electronically publishable
documents. However, it is important to realize the difference
between page layout and functional markup. TeX is capable of
extremely detailed page layout; HTML is not, because HTML is a
functional markup language not a page layout language. HTML's exact
rendering is not specified by the document that is published but is, to
some degree, left to the discretion of the browser. If you require your
readers to see an exact replication of what your document looks like
to you, then you cannot use HTML and you must use some other
publishing format such as PDF. That is true for any HTML
authoring tool.
TeX's excellent mathematical capabilities remain a challenge in the
business of conversion to HTML. There are only two generally
reliable techniques for generating mathematics on the web: creating
bitmaps of bits of typesetting that can't be translated, and using
symbols and table constructs. Neither technique is entirely
satisfactory. Bitmaps lead to a profusion of tiny files, are slow to
load, and are inaccessible to those with visual disabilities. The
symbol fonts offer poor coverage of mathematics, and their use
requires configuration of the browser. The future of mathematical
browsing may be brighter - see
future Web technologies.
For today, possible packages are:
- LaTeX2HTML
- a Perl script package that
supports LaTeX only, and generates mathematics (and other
"difficult" things) using bitmaps. The original version was
written by Nikos Drakos for Unix systems, but the package now sports
an illustrious list of co-authors and is also available for Windows
systems. Michel Goossens and Janne Saarela published a detailed
discussion of LaTeX2HTML, and how to tailor it, in
TUGboat 16(2).
A mailing list for users may be found via
http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/latex2html
- TtH
- a compiled program that supports either LaTeX
or plain TeX, and uses the font/table technique for representing
mathematics. It is written by Ian Hutchinson, using
flex. The distribution consists of a single C
source (or a compiled executable), which is easy to install and very
fast-running.
- Tex4ht
- a compiled program that supports either
LaTeX or plain TeX, by processing a DVI file; it uses
bitmaps for mathematics, but can also use other technologies where
appropriate. Written by Eitan Gurari, it parses the DVI
file generated when you run (La)TeX over your file with
tex4ht's macros included. As a result, it's pretty
robust against the macros you include in your document, and it's
also pretty fast.
- TeXpider
- a commercial program from
Micropress, which is
described on http://www.micropress-inc.com/webb/wbstart.htm;
it uses bitmaps for equations.
- Hevea
- a compiled program that supports LaTeX
only, and uses the font/table technique for equations (indeed its
entire approach is very similar to TtH). It is written
in Objective CAML by Luc Maranget. Hevea isn't
archived on CTAN; details (including download points) are
available via http://pauillac.inria.fr/~maranget/hevea/
An interesting set of samples, including conversion of the same text
by the four free programs listed above, is available at
http://www.mayer.dial.pipex.com/samples/example.htm; a linked
page gives lists of pros and cons, by way of comparison.
The World Wide Web Consortium maintains a list of "filters" to
HTML, with sections on (La)TeX and BibTeX - see
http://www.w3.org/Tools/Word_proc_filters.html
- latex2html
- Browse support/latex2html/
- tex4ht
- support/TeX4ht/tex4ht-all.zip
- tth
- nonfree/support/tth/dist/tth_C.tgz
This question on the Web: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=LaTeX2HTML