Finding the page number of the last page of a document, from within
the document, is somewhat tricky. The lastpage package is
therefore supplied to make life easy for us all; it defines a label
LastPage whose number is right (after sufficiently many
passes through LaTeX, of course). The memoir class also
defines a "last page" label.
The documentation of the fancyhdr package spells out exactly how one might actually use this information to produce page numbering as suggested in the question.
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