The Java<img src="images/tm.gif" border="0" alt="Trademarked"> EE 5 Tutorial is a guide to developing enterprise applications for the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition 5 (Java EE 5). Here we cover all the things you need to know to make the best use of this tutorial.

The Java

EE 5 Tutorial is a guide to developing enterprise applications for the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition 5 (Java EE 5). Here we cover all the things you need to know to make the best use of this tutorial.

Who Should Use This Tutorial

This tutorial is intended for programmers who are interested in developing and deploying Java EE 5 applications on the Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 9.

Prerequisites

Before proceeding with this tutorial you should have a good knowledge of the Java programming language. A good way to get to that point is to work through all the basic and some of the specialized trails in The Java Tutorial, Mary Campione et al., (Addison-Wesley, 2000). In particular, you should be familiar with relational database and security features described in the trails listed in Table 1.

How to Read This Tutorial

The Java EE 5 platform is quite large, and this tutorial reflects this. However, you don't have to digest everything in it at once. The tutorial has been divided into parts to help you navigate the content more easily.

Table 1 Prerequisite Trails in The Java Tutorial
Trail	URL
JDBC	`http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc`
Security	`http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/security1.2`

This tutorial opens with an introductory chapter, which you should read before proceeding to any specific technology area. Chapter 1 covers the Java EE 5 platform architecture and APIs along with the Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 9.

When you have digested the basics, you can delve into one or more of the five main technology areas listed next. Because there are dependencies between some of the chapters, Figure 1 contains a roadmap for navigating through the tutorial.

The web-tier technology chapters cover the components used in developing the presentation layer of a Java EE 5 or stand-alone web application:

Java Servlet

JavaServer Pages (JSP)

JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL)

JavaServer Faces

Web application internationalization and localization

The web services technology chapters cover the APIs used in developing standard web services:

The Java API for XML-based Web Services (JAX-WS)

The Java API for XML Binding (JAXB)

The Streaming API for XML (StAX)

The SOAP with Attachments API for Java (SAAJ)

The Java API for XML Registries (JAXR)

The Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) technology chapters cover the components used in developing the business logic of a Java EE 5 application:

Session beans

Message-driven beans

The Persistence technology chapters cover the Java Persistence API, which is used for accessing databases from Java EE applications:

Introduction to the Java Persistence API

Persistence in the Web Tier

Persistence in the EJB Tier

The Java Persistence Query Language

The platform services chapters cover the system services used by all the Java EE 5 component technologies:

Transactions

Resource connections

Security

Java Message Service

The Connector architecture

After you have become familiar with some of the technology areas, you are ready to tackle the case studies, which tie together several of the technologies discussed in the tutorial. The Coffee Break Application (Chapter 37) describes an application that uses the web application and web services APIs. The Duke's Bank Application (Chapter 38) describes an application that employs web application technologies, enterprise beans, and the Java Persistence API.

Finally, the appendix contains auxiliary information helpful to the Java EE 5 application developer:

Java encoding schemes (Appendix A)

About the Examples

This section tells you everything you need to know to install, build, and run the examples.

Required Software

Tutorial Bundle

The tutorial example source is contained in the tutorial bundle. If you are viewing this online, you need to click on the "Download" link at the top of any page.

After you have installed the tutorial bundle, the example source code is in the <INSTALL>/javaee5tutorial/examples/ directory, with subdirectories for each of the technologies discussed in the tutorial.

Application Server

The Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 9 is targeted as the build and runtime environment for the tutorial examples. To build, deploy, and run the examples, you need a copy of the Application Server and Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition 5.0 (J2SE 5.0). If you already have a copy of the J2SE SDK, you can download the Application Server from:

You can also download the Java EE 5 SDK--which contains the Application Server and the J2SE SDK--from the same site.

Application Server Installation Tips

Select the Don't Prompt for Admin User Name radio button. This will save the user name and password so that you won't need to provide them when performing administrative operations with asadmin. You will still have to provide the user name and password to log in to the Admin Console.

Note the HTTP port at which the server is installed. This tutorial assumes that you are accepting the default port of 8080. If 8080 is in use during installation and the installer chooses another port or if you decide to change it yourself, you will need to update the common build properties file (described in the next section) and the configuration files for some of the tutorial examples to reflect the correct port.

In the Installation Options pane, check the Add Bin Directory to PATH checkbox so that Application Server scripts (asadmin, asant, wsimport, wsgen, xjc, and schemagen) override other installations.

Apache Ant

Ant is a Java technology-based build tool developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http://ant.apache.org), and is used to build, package, and deploy the tutorial examples. Ant is included with the Application Server. To use the ant command-line tool add <JAVAEE_HOME>/lib/ant/bin to your PATH environment variable.

Registry Server

You need a registry server to run the examples discussed in Chapter 19. Instructions for obtaining and setting up a registry server are provided in Chapter 19.

Building the Examples

The tutorial examples are distributed with a configuration file for ant or asant, a portable build tool contained in the Application Server. This tool is an extension of the Ant tool developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http://ant.apache.org). The asant utility contains additional tasks that invoke the Application Server administration utility asadmin. Directions for building the examples are provided in each chapter. Either ant or asant may be used to build, package, and deploy the examples.

Build properties common to all the examples are specified in the <INSTALL>/javaeetutorial5/examples/bp-project/build.properties file. This file must be created before you run the examples. We've included a sample file <INSTALL>/javaeetutorial5/examples/bp-project/build.properties.sample that you should rename to <INSTALL>/javaeetutorial5/examples/bp-project/build.properties and edit to reflect your environment. The tutorial examples use the Java BluePrints (http://java.sun.com/reference/blueprints/) build system and application layout structure.

To run the ant scripts, you must set common build properties in the file <INSTALL>/javaeetutorial5/examples/bp-project/build.properties as follows:

Set the javaee.home property to the location of your Application Server installation. The build process uses the javaee.home property to include the libraries in <JAVAEE_HOME>/lib/ in the classpath. All examples that run on the Application Server include the Java EE library archive--<JAVAEE_HOME>/lib/javaee.jar--in the build classpath. Some examples use additional libraries in <JAVAEE_HOME>/lib/; the required libraries are enumerated in the individual technology chapters. <JAVAEE_HOME> refers to the directory where you have installed the Application Server.

Note: On Windows, you must escape any backslashes in the javaee.home property with another backslash or use forward slashes as a path separator. So, if your Application Server installation is C:\Sun\AppServer, you must set javaee.home as follows:

javaee.home = C:\\Sun\\AppServer

or

javaee.home=C:/Sun/AppServer

Set the javaee.tutorial.home property to the location of your tutorial. This property is used for asant deployment and undeployment.

For example, on UNIX:

javaee.tutorial.home=/home/username/javaeetutorial5

On Windows:

javaee.tutorial.home=C:/javaeetutorial5

Do not install the tutorial to a location with spaces in the path.

If you did not use the default value (admin) for the admin user, set the admin.user property to the value you specified when you installed the Application Server.

If you did not use port 8080, set the domain.resources.port property to the value specified when you installed the Application Server.

Set the admin user's password in <INSTALL>/javaeetutorial5/examples/common/admin-password.txt to the value you specified when you installed the Application Server. The format of this file is AS_ADMIN_PASSWORD=password. For example:

AS_ADMIN_PASSWORD=mypassword

Tutorial Example Directory Structure

To facilitate iterative development and keep application source separate from compiled files the tutorial examples use the Java BluePrints application directory structure.

build.xml: Ant build file

src/java: Java source files for the module

src/conf: configuration files for the module, with the exception of web applications

web: JSP and HTML pages, style sheets, tag files, and images

web/WEB-INF: configuration files for web applications

nbproject: NetBeans project files

Examples that have multiple application modules packaged into an enterprise application archive (or EAR) have submodule directories that use the following naming conventions:

<EXAMPLE_NAME>-app-client: Application clients

<EXAMPLE_NAME>-ejb: Enterprise bean JARs

<EXAMPLE_NAME>-war: web applications

The Ant build files (build.xml) distributed with the examples contain targets to create a build subdirectory and to copy and compile files into that directory; a dist subdirectory, which holds the packaged module file; and a client-jar directory, which holds the retrieved application client JAR.

Further Information

This tutorial includes the basic information that you need to deploy applications on and administer the Application Server.

See the Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 9 Developer's Guide at http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/819-3659 for information about developer features of the Application Server.

See the Sun Java System Application Server Platform Edition 9 Administration Guide at http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/819-3658 for information about administering the Application Server.

For information about the Java DB database included with the Application Server see the Apache web site at http://db.apache.org/derby.

How to Print This Tutorial

Ensure that Adobe Acrobat Reader is installed on your system.

Open the PDF version of this book.

Click the printer icon in Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Typographical Conventions

Table 2 Typographical Conventions
Font Style	Uses
italic	Emphasis, titles, first occurrence of terms
`monospace`	URLs, code examples, file names, path names, tool names, application names, programming language keywords, tag, interface, class, method, and field names, properties
`italic monospace`	Variables in code, file paths, and URLs
`<italic monospace>`	User-selected file path components

Menu selections indicated with the right-arrow character Right Arrow

, for example, First Right Arrow

Second, should be interpreted as: select the First menu, then choose Second from the First submenu.