JMSLTM Numerical Library 4.0

com.imsl.math
Class MinUnconMultiVar

java.lang.Object
  extended bycom.imsl.math.MinUnconMultiVar
All Implemented Interfaces:
Cloneable, Serializable

public class MinUnconMultiVar
extends Object
implements Serializable, Cloneable

Unconstrained multivariate minimization.

Class MinUnconMultivar uses a quasi-Newton method to find the minimum of a function f(x) of n variables. The problem is stated as follows:

mathop {min }limits_{x; in ;R^n } 
  fleft( x right)

Given a starting point x_c, the search direction is computed according to the formula

d = -B^{-1} g_c

where B is a positive definite approximation of the Hessian, and g_c is the gradient evaluated at x_c. A line search is then used to find a new point

x_n  = ,x_c  + lambda d,lambda  > 0

such that

fleft( {x_n } right) le fleft( {x_c } 
  right) + alpha g^T d,,,,, alpha  in left( {0,,0.5} right)

Finally, the optimality condition {rm{||g(x)|| }} le 
  varepsilon where varepsilon is a gradient tolerance.

When optimality is not achieved, B is updated according to the BFGS formula

B leftarrow B - frac{{Bss^T B}}{{s^T Bs}} + 
  frac{{yy^T }}{{y^T s}}

where s = x_n - x_c and y = g_n - g_c. Another search direction is then computed to begin the next iteration. For more details, see Dennis and Schnabel (1983, Appendix A).

In this implementation, the first stopping criterion for MinUnconMultivar occurs when the norm of the gradient is less than the given gradient tolerance gradientTolerance. The second stopping criterion for MinUnconMultivar occurs when the scaled distance between the last two steps is less than the step tolerance stepTolerance.

Since by default, a finite-difference method is used to estimate the gradient for some single precision calculations, an inaccurate estimate of the gradient may cause the algorithm to terminate at a noncritical point. Supply gradient for a more accurate gradient evaluation (setGradient).

See Also:
Finite-difference Example, Gradient Example, Serialized Form

Nested Class Summary
static class MinUnconMultiVar.ApproximateMinimumException
          Scaled step tolerance satisfied; the current point may be an approximate local solution, or the algorithm is making very slow progress and is not near a solution, or the scaled step tolerance is too big.
static class MinUnconMultiVar.FalseConvergenceException
          False convergence error; the iterates appear to be converging to a noncritical point.
static interface MinUnconMultiVar.Function
          Public interface for the user supplied function to the MinUnconMultiVar object.
static interface MinUnconMultiVar.Gradient
          Public interface for the user supplied gradient to the MinUnconMultiVar object.
static class MinUnconMultiVar.MaxIterationsException
          Maximum number of iterations exceeded.
static class MinUnconMultiVar.UnboundedBelowException
          Five consecutive steps of the maximum allowable stepsize have been taken, either the function is unbounded below, or has a finite asymptote in some direction or the maximum allowable step size is too small.
 
Constructor Summary
MinUnconMultiVar(int n)
          Unconstrained minimum constructor for a function of n variables of type double.
 
Method Summary
 double[] computeMin(MinUnconMultiVar.Function F)
          Return the minimum point of a function of n variables of type double using a finite-difference gradient or using a user-supplied gradient.
 int getErrorStatus()
          Returns the non-fatal error status.
 int getIterations()
          Returns the number of iterations used to compute a minimum.
 void setDigits(double fdigit)
          Set the number of good digits in the function.
 void setFalseConvergenceTolerance(double falseConvergenceTolerance)
          Set the false convergence tolerance.
 void setFscale(double fscale)
          Set the function scaling value for scaling the gradient.
 void setGradientTolerance(double gradientTolerance)
          Sets the gradient tolerance.
 void setGuess(double[] xguess)
          Set the initial guess of the minimum point of the input function.
 void setIhess(int ihess)
          Set the Hessian initialization parameter.
 void setMaximumStepsize(double maximumStepsize)
          Set the maximum allowable stepsize to use.
 void setMaxIterations(int maxIterations)
          Set the maximum number of iterations allowed.
 void setRelativeTolerance(double relativeTolerance)
          Set the relative function tolerance.
 void setStepTolerance(double stepTolerance)
          Set the scaled step tolerance to use when changing x.
 void setXscale(double[] xscale)
          Set the diagonal scaling matrix for the variables.
 
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
 

Constructor Detail

MinUnconMultiVar

public MinUnconMultiVar(int n)
Unconstrained minimum constructor for a function of n variables of type double.

Parameters:
n - An int scalar value which defines the number of variables of the function whose minimum is to be found.
Method Detail

computeMin

public double[] computeMin(MinUnconMultiVar.Function F)
                    throws MinUnconMultiVar.FalseConvergenceException,
                           MinUnconMultiVar.MaxIterationsException,
                           MinUnconMultiVar.UnboundedBelowException
Return the minimum point of a function of n variables of type double using a finite-difference gradient or using a user-supplied gradient.

Parameters:
F - defines the function whose minimum is to be found. F can be used to supply a gradient of the function. If F implements Gradient then the user-supplied gradient is used. Otherwise, an attempt to find the minimum is made using a finite-difference gradient.
Returns:
a double array containing the point at which the minimum of the input function occurs.
Throws:
MinUnconMultiVar.FalseConvergenceException
MinUnconMultiVar.MaxIterationsException
MinUnconMultiVar.UnboundedBelowException

getErrorStatus

public int getErrorStatus()
Returns the non-fatal error status.

Returns:
an int specifying the non-fatal error status:
Status Meaning
1 The last global step failed to locate a lower point than the current x value. The current x may be an approximate local minimizer and no more accuracy is possible or the step tolerance may be too large.
2 Relative function convergence; both the actual and predicted relative reductions in the function are less than or equal to the relative function convergence tolerance.
3 Scaled step tolerance satisfied; the current point may be an approximate local solution, or the algorithm is making very slow progress and is not near a solution, or the step tolerance is too big.


getIterations

public int getIterations()
Returns the number of iterations used to compute a minimum.

Returns:
an int specifying the number of iterations used to compute the minimum.

setDigits

public void setDigits(double fdigit)
Set the number of good digits in the function. If this member function is not called, fdigit is set to 15.0.

Parameters:
fdigit - a double scalar value specifying the number of good digits in the user supplied function
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - is thrown if fdigit is less than or equal to 0

setFalseConvergenceTolerance

public void setFalseConvergenceTolerance(double falseConvergenceTolerance)
Set the false convergence tolerance. If this member function is not called, 2.22044604925031308e-14 is used as the false convergence tolerance.

Parameters:
falseConvergenceTolerance - a double scalar value specifying the false convergence tolerance
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - is thrown if falseConvergenceTolerance is less than or equal to 0

setFscale

public void setFscale(double fscale)
Set the function scaling value for scaling the gradient. If this member function is not called, the value of this scalar is set to 1.0.

Parameters:
fscale - a double scalar specifying the function scaling value for scaling the gradient
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - is thrown if fscale is less than or equal to 0.

setGradientTolerance

public void setGradientTolerance(double gradientTolerance)
Sets the gradient tolerance. This first stopping criterion for this optimizer is that the norm of the gradient be less than the gradient tolerance. If this member function is not called, the cube root of machine precision squared is used to compute the gradient.

Parameters:
gradientTolerance - a double specifying the gradient tolerance used to compute the gradient
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - is thrown if gradientTolerance is less than or equal to 0

setGuess

public void setGuess(double[] xguess)
Set the initial guess of the minimum point of the input function. If this member function is not called, the elements of this array are set to 0.0..

Parameters:
xguess - a double array specifying the initial guess of the minimum point of the input function

setIhess

public void setIhess(int ihess)
Set the Hessian initialization parameter. If this member function is not called, ihess is set to 0.0 and the Hessian is initialized to the identity matrix. If this member function is called and ihess is set to anything other than 0.0, the Hessian is initialized to the diagonal matrix containing max(abs(f(xguess)),fscale)*xscale*xscale

Parameters:
ihess - an int scalar value specifying the Hessian initialization parameter. If ihess = 0.0 the Hessian is initialized to the identity matrix. Otherwise, the Hessian is initialized to the diagonal matrix containing max(abs(f(xguess)),fscale)*xscale*xscale where xguess is the initial guess of the computed solution and xscale is the scaling vector for the variables.

setMaximumStepsize

public void setMaximumStepsize(double maximumStepsize)
Set the maximum allowable stepsize to use. If this member function is not called, maximum stepsize is set to a default value based on a scaled xguess.

Parameters:
maximumStepsize - a nonnegative double value specifying the maximum allowable stepsize
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - is thrown if maximumStepsize is less than or equal to 0

setMaxIterations

public void setMaxIterations(int maxIterations)
Set the maximum number of iterations allowed. If this member function is not called, the maximum number of iterations is set to 100.

Parameters:
maxIterations - an int specifying the maximum number of iterations allowed
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - is thrown if maxIterations is less than or equal to 0

setRelativeTolerance

public void setRelativeTolerance(double relativeTolerance)
Set the relative function tolerance. If this member function is not called, 3.66685e-11 is used as the relative function tolerance.

Parameters:
relativeTolerance - a double scalar value specifying the relative function tolerance
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - is thrown if relativeTolerance is less than or equal to 0

setStepTolerance

public void setStepTolerance(double stepTolerance)
Set the scaled step tolerance to use when changing x. If this member function is not called, the scaled step tolerance is set to 3.66685e-11.

The second stopping criterion for this optimizer is that the scaled distance between the last two steps be less than the step tolerance.

Parameters:
stepTolerance - a double scalar value specifying the scaled step tolerance. The i-th component of the scaled step between two points x and y is computed as abs(x(i)-y(i))/max(abs(x(i)),1/xscale(i)) where xscale is the scaling vector for the variables.
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - is thrown if stepTolerance is less than or equal to 0

setXscale

public void setXscale(double[] xscale)
Set the diagonal scaling matrix for the variables. If this member function is not called, the elements of this array are set to 1.0..

Parameters:
xscale - a double array specifying the diagonal scaling matrix for the variables
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - is thrown if any of the elements of xscale is less than or equal to 0

JMSLTM Numerical Library 4.0

Copyright 1970-2006 Visual Numerics, Inc.
Built June 1 2006.